苦皮藤素微粉剂对玉米中玉米象种群的控制

苦皮藤素微粉剂1和微粉剂2以不同的浓度混入玉米中,当使用剂量为1000mg/kg时,对玉米象成虫的种群繁殖抑制率分别为96.66%和96.02%,能有效控制玉米象成虫的危害,但对幼虫和卵的控制效果不明显。     

Contact and fumigant activities of constituents of Foeniculum vulgare fruit against three coleopteran stored‐product insects

The insecticidal activities of materials derived from the fruit of fennel, Foeniculum vulgare, against adults of Sitophilus oryzae, Callosobruchus chinensis and Lasioderma serricorne were examined using direct contact application and fumigation methods. The biologically active constituents of the Foeniculum fruits were characterized as the phenylpropenes (E)‐anethole and estragole, and the monoterpene (+)‐fenchone, by spectroscopic analysis. Responses varied with insect species, compound, dose and exposure time. In a filter paper diffusion test, estragole at 0.168 mg cm^?2 caused 91% mortality to S oryzae adults within 1 day after treatment (DAT), whereas (+)‐fenchone and (E)‐anethole gave over 90% mortality at 2 and 4 DAT, respectively. Against C chinensis adults, all test compounds revealed potent insecticidal activities at 0.021 mg cm^?2 at 2 DAT. Against L serricorne adults at 0.105 mg cm^?2, (E)‐anethole gave 100% mortality at 1 DAT, whereas 90 and 60% mortality at 4 DAT was achieved with estragole and (+)‐fenchone, respectively. In a fumigation test, the test compounds were much more effective against adults of S oryzae, C chinensis and L serricorne in closed cups than in open ones, indicating that the insecticidal activity of test compounds was largely attributable to fumigant action. As naturally occurring insect‐control agents, the F vulgare fruit‐derived materials described could be useful for managing field populations of S oryzae, C chinensis and L serricorne. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of time and concentration on mortality of phosphine-resistant Sitophilus oryzae (L) fumigated with phosphine

The effects of exposure period and phosphine concentration on mortality of susceptible and resistant Sitophilus oryzae (L) were investigated. Although S oryzae is one of the world's most serious pests of stored grain there are few data on the practical significance of phosphine resistance in this species. The strains investigated were an Australian susceptible strain, a homozygous resistant strain exhibiting a level of resistance common in Australia and an unselected field strain from China with a much stronger resistance. Fumigations were carried out at 25 degrees C on adults and mixed-age cultures. For adults of all three strains and mixed-age cultures of the susceptible and resistant Australian strains, the relationship between concentration and time could be described by equations of the form Cnt = k. In all cases n < 1, indicating that time was a more important variable than concentration. In all fumigations of adults the resistant strains were harder to kill than the susceptible strain. However, in fumigations of mixed-age cultures, which contained the tolerant pupal stage, the difference between susceptible and resistant strains was more pronounced at lower concentrations than higher concentrations. For example, at 0.02 mg litre-1 the estimated LT99.9 for mixed-age cultures of the Australian resistant strain (27 days) is 3.4 times that of the susceptible strain (8 days), but at 1 mg litre-1 there is no difference between the two strains (4 days). Limited data on the Chinese resistant strain supported this finding. Twenty-three days exposure at 0.02 mg litre-1 had no effect on mixed-age cultures of this strain, but there were no survivors after 5 days exposure to 1 mg litre-1.     

甲酸乙酯对米象不同虫态的熏蒸作用

针对储粮害虫抗药性日趋严重、粮食熏蒸剂品种越来越少的现状,采用密闭熏蒸法,系统研究甲酸乙酯（EtF）在不同条件下对米象Sitophilus oryzae（L.）卵、低龄幼虫、高龄幼虫、蛹以及成虫的致死作用.在25℃条件下以40和45μL/L的药剂浓度处理米象成虫12h,其校正死亡率分别为90.541%和99.324%;以30μL/L的浓度在19、25和31℃下处理24h,校正死亡率分别为83.108%、62%和42%,表明甲酸乙酯具有良好的速效性,且在相对低温时比在相对高温时熏蒸效果好.在20、25和30℃条件下,熏蒸处理米象成虫24h,其LC50分别为25.094、28.650和30.875μL/L;处理48 h时则分别为23.101、25.805和27.316μL/L.30g/m^3的甲酸乙酯熏蒸处理米象卵、低龄幼虫、高龄幼虫和蛹24 h,对应死亡率为96.930%、99.333%、97.768%和93.386%,表明甲酸乙酯对米象低龄幼虫的熏蒸效果最好,蛹和卵对甲酸乙酯具有较高的耐药性.     

甲酸乙酯对米象乙酰胆碱酯酶和羧酸酯酶的影响

报道了甲酸乙酯对米象[Sitophilus oryzae(Linnaeus)]乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和羧酸酯酶(CarE)的活性影响,甲酸乙酯对米象表现出很高的毒力,25℃下熏蒸处理24 h的LC₅₀为28.65μL/L。亚致死剂量的甲酸乙酯可以使米象成虫体内AChE的比活力显著下降,用20μL/L的浓度处理24 h,AChE的比活力由15.684 nmol/mg.min下降至9.530 nmol/mg.min;酶动力学研究表明,甲酸乙酯可使米象成虫体内AChE的K_m值明显增加。对于羧酸酯酶,在活体条件下表现为先抑制后激活的规律,离体条件下则主要表现为抑制作用,且随着药剂浓度的增大抑制率也增大。     

石菖蒲提取物对玉米象的驱避和触杀作用

测定了石菖蒲4种溶剂提取物对玉米象成虫的驱避和触杀作用。结果表明:石菖蒲的4种溶剂提取物对玉米象成虫均有很好的驱避效果,60 h驱避等级均达到Ⅲ和Ⅳ级。4种溶剂的提取物均对玉米象成虫有明显的触杀作用,毒力回归方程及LC50分别为:无水乙醇提取物:y=4.37 2.13x,1.97 mg/cm2;丙酮提取物:y=4.53 1.42x,2.14 mg/cm2;乙酸乙脂提取物:y=4.52 2.10x,1.69 mg/cm2;石油醚提取物:y=4.23 2.32x,2.15 mg/cm2。     

一种防治贮粮甲虫的新型种子处理剂-ADAGE

Adage是美国Syngenta公司近年开发成功的一种新型杀虫剂。实验表明，用0.5ppm-4ppm的剂量处理玉米种子，对赤拟谷盗、玉米象和锯谷盗的防治效果因虫种、剂量、处理时间和处理温度而有差异。当处理浓度为4ppm、处理时间为1-6d时，玉米象成虫在22℃、27℃和32℃时的死亡率分别为79．3％－89．3％、91．2％－99．2％和97．5％－100％。而对于赤拟谷盗，处理时间比处理温度更重要，当处理浓度为4ppm、温度为27℃、处理时间为1、2、3、6d时，赤拟谷盗成虫死亡率分别为23.4%、40.1%、60.8%和100％。同样，Adage对锯谷盗的防治效果也明显受到处理时间的影响。当处理浓度为4ppm、温度为32℃、处理时间为1、2、3、6d时，锯谷盗成虫死亡率分别为66．0％、88．5％、96．7％和100％。     

烯丙基异硫氰酸酯的熏蒸毒力研究

以玉米象和赤拟谷盗作为实验对象,采用熏蒸方式对烯丙基异硫氰酸酯的毒力进行测定.结果表明,烯丙基异硫氰酸酯对所研究的两种害虫有较好的快速致死作用,同时研究发现在相同熏蒸时间内烯丙基异硫氰酸酯对玉米象熏蒸的LC50和LC99均小于对赤拟谷盗的LC50和LC99,这说明烯丙基异硫氰酸酯对玉米象的熏蒸效果比对赤拟谷盗的好.     

磷化氢熏蒸对米象抗性相关基因表达的影响

[目的]考察磷化氢熏蒸处理后米象抗性相关基因的表达量情况,为基因功能研究提供参考。[方法]对米象成虫进行磷化氢熏蒸后,使用荧光定量PCR对谷胱甘肽硫转移酶基因家族、乙酰胆碱酯酶基因等10个特异性靶标酶基因的表达变化进行分析。[结果]磷化氢熏蒸处理后,米象的谷胱甘肽硫转移酶相关基因的表达量总体呈上升趋势;抗性相关靶标基因的表达量总体呈现下降的趋势。[结论]谷胱甘肽硫转移酶等基因均与抗性相关,研究可为今后明确米象抗性分子机制提供参考。     

Assessment of short-term mortality of granary weevil,Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) triggered by different microwave irradiation powers

Abstract

The insecticidal efficacy of microwave irradiation against the at 12, 24, 48 and 72?h following exposure to microwave irradiations (100, 300?W) and the progeny production was assessed 45?days later. Linearly increasing irradiation power range (100, 200 and 300?W) was set up for determining mortality tendency. An increase of insect mortality caused by higher irradiation period and times elapsed after treatment has become evident commencing from 12?h after the treatment, which has significantly decreased at later elapsed time after treatment. The irradiation periods inducing the highest mortality at the examined powers were at 10?min and at 100?W power (72?h: 64.93%) and at 4.5?min. and at 300?W power (12?h: 87.01). In addition, a complete suppression of progeny production was achieved by 4.5?min treatment at 300?W power. Lognormal-type mortality process was caused by the linearly increased irradiation range. The properly chosen microwave irradiation can be used for management of Sitophilus granarius larval and adult developmental stages. This treatment could provide an effective and friendly environmental treatment technique in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program.